TEXTO & CONTEXTO

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os elementos e as estratégias que facilitam a tomada de decisão ética dos enfermeiros frente aos problemas éticos, a partir de publicações sobre a temática. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de abril e maio de 2014, nas bases: SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram incluídos artigos de pesquisa empírica, estudos teóricos e estudos de caso, publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, com equipe de saúde que incluísse enfermeiros. Foram selecionados 19 estudos, da análise resultaram três categorias: fatores externos da tomada de decisão ética em enfermagem; fatores individuais da tomada de decisão ética em enfermagem; e, estratégias facilitadoras da tomada de decisão ética em enfermagem. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros precisam utilizar estratégias que desenvolvam a sensibilidade, habilidades e competência ética para, assim, tomar decisões éticas prudentes, contribuindo para a qualidade da atenção à saúde.
Palavras chave: Ética/ Ética em enfermagem/ Enfermagem/ Tomada de decisões/ Revisão.

Resumen
Elementos y estrategias para la toma de decisión ética en enfermería

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los elementos y estrategias que faciliten la toma de decisión ética de las enfermeras frente a los problemas éticos, a partir de las publicaciones sobre el tema. Se realizó una revisión integradora de literatura. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y mayo de 2014, en las bases de datos: SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS y MEDLINE. Se incluyeron artículos originales de investigación, estudios teóricos y estudio de caso, publicadas en inglés, español y portugués, con el equipo de salud que incluye enfermeras. Se seleccionaron 19 estudios, el análisis resultó en tres categorías: factores externos de la toma de decisiones éticas en enfermería, factores individuales de la toma de decisiones éticas en enfermería y estrategias facilitadoras de la toma de decisiones éticas en la enfermería. Se concluye que los enfermeros han de utilizar estrategias que desarrollan la sensibilidad, habilidades y competencia ética, para así, tomar decisiones éticas prudentes, lo que contribuye a la calidad de la atención a la salud.
Palabras clave: Ética/ Ética en enfermería/ Enfermería/ Toma de decisiones/ Revisión.

This study aimed to identify the elements and strategies that facilitate the ethical decision-making of nurses faced with ethical problems, from publications on the theme. An integrative literature review was carried out. Data collection was performed between the months of April and May 2014, in the databases: SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS and MEDLINE. Original, theoretical and case study articles, with a health team that included nurses, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. A total of 19 studies were selected, the analysis of which resulted in three categories: external factors of ethical decision-making in nursing, individual factors of ethical decision-making in nursing and facilitating strategies of ethical decision-making in nursing. It was concluded that nurses need to use strategies that develop sensitivity, ability and ethical competence, in order to make prudent ethical decisions, contributing to the quality of health care.
Key-words: Ethics/ Ethics in nursing/ Nursing/ Decision making/ Review.

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