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Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia: Revisión de su impacto en niños de 0 a 5 años

M. Vega-Arce,1 G. Nuñez-Ulloa2
1Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile. 2Escuela de Lenguaje San Clemente, San Clemente, Chile.

Manuscrito recibido en 15 septiembre 2016
Manuscrito aceptado en 13 febrero 2017

Enferm Universitaria -Mex- 2017; 14(2): 124-130

 

 

 

Cómo citar este documento
Vega-Arce, M.; Nuñez-Ulloa, G. Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia: Revisión de su impacto en niños de 0 a 5 años. Enferm Universitaria -Mex-, 2017 abr-jun, 14(2). Disponible en <https://www.index-f.com/reu/14/124130.php> Consultado el

 

Resumen

Se realiza una revisión narrativa acerca del impacto del parámetro Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (EAI) de 0 a 5 años. Para esto, se enuncian las principales EAI que afectan en este rango de edad, para luego sintetizar la evidencia de las secuelas inmediatas que 3 o más EAI pueden provocar en el desarrollo general, cognitivo y socioemocional, así como en la salud general infantil y la trayectoria escolar. Posteriormente, se comenta la importancia de seleccionar estas experiencias, intervenir sobre las barreras de acceso a la salud que enfrentan los niños y niñas afectados por EAI y sus cuidadores, y promover relaciones estables, seguras y nutritivas como una estrategia para moderar la transmisión de los patrones de maltrato infantil. Se concluye que la exposición a EAI es un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de niños y niñas, por lo que debe ser considerado como un eje relevante en el ámbito de la salud, especialmente durante los primeros 5 años de vida, cuando es posible impedir el ingreso a la cadena de riesgos asociados.
Palabras clave: Infancia/ Desarrollo/ Factores de riesgo/ Chile.
 

Abstract
Adverse Experiences during Childhood: A revision over their impact on children 0-5 years old

This is narrative review over the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on children in the range of 0-5 years old. The main related ACE in this range of age are stated and the evidence on the sequelae which 3 or more ACEs can provoke on the children's general, cognitive, social and emotional developments, as well as on their general health and school trajectory, are all discussed. Then, the importance of filtering these experiences, and overcoming the health barriers faced by these children, while promoting stable, secure, and nurturing relationships, as a strategy to challenge the transmission of violence patterns, are all discussed as well. A conclusion is that ACE are a serious risk to the development of children, and therefore, the issue should be timely addressed, particularly within the first 5 years of age when the negative impacts are greatest.
Key-words: Childhood/ Development/ Risk factors/ Chile.
 

Resumo
Experiências Adversas na Infância: Revisão do seu impacto em crianças de 0 a 5 anos

Realiza-se uma revisão narrativa acerca do impacto do parâmetro Experiências Adversas na Infância (EAI) de 0 a 5 anos. Para isto, enunciam-se as principais EAI que afeitam nesta faixa de idade, para logo sintetizar a evidencia das sequelas imediatas que 3 ou mais EAI podem provocar no desenvolvimento geral, cognitivo e socioemocional, assim como, na saúde geral infantil e a trajetória escolar. Posteriormente, comenta-se a importância de peneirar estas experiências, intervir sobre as barreiras de acesso à saúde que enfrentam meninos e meninas afeitados pelo EAI e os seus cuidadores, e promover relacionamentos estáveis, seguros e nutritivos como uma estratégia para moderar a transmissão dos padrões de maltrato infantil. Conclui-se que a exposição às EAI é um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de meninos e meninas, pelo que deve ser considerado como eixo relevante no âmbito da saúde, especialmente durante os primeiros 5 anos de vida, quando é possível pedir o ingresso à cadeia de riscos associados.
Palavras chave: Infância/ Desenvolvimento/ Fatores de risco/ Chile.

 

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