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Artículo de Investigación

Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y desarrollo [Inv Enf] 2014 jul-dic; 16(2): 149-168  Recibido: 15/3/2014 Evaluado: 11-27/4/2014 Aceptado: 24/6/2014

Genética y genómica en la práctica de enfermería   Beatriz Sánchez Herrera,1 Elizabeth Vargas Rosero,2 Gloria Mabel Carrillo3 (1) Enfermera. Master in Science of Nursing. Profesora titular, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Correo electrónico: cbsanchezh@unal.edu.co (2) Enfermera. Magíster en Enfermería. Profesora asistente, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Correo electrónico: evargasr@unal.edu.co (3) Enfermera. Magíster en Enfermería. Profesora asociada, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Correo electrónico: gmcarrillog@unal.edu.co

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar las implicaciones y tendencias de la genética y genómica dentro de la práctica de la enfermería. Metodología: Revisión integrativa entre mayo y julio de 2013. Se adelantó una búsqueda y análisis de la literatura en la base de datos Science Direct que incluyó artículos, revisiones y editoriales, bajo los descriptores genética, genómica y enfermería, publicados de 1993 a 2013. Fueron encontradas 1056 piezas que relacionaban enfermería y genética, y de estas 127 asociaron los tres descriptores. Se seleccionaron 57, por su aporte a la comprensión de la relevancia del área temática dentro de la práctica de la enfermería. Resultados: El análisis cronológico de las referencias seleccionadas muestra el impacto de la genética y genómica en la práctica de la enfermería, visible en diferentes áreas que incluyen: 1) la práctica investigativa de enfermería, 2) el abogar por los pacientes que viven la experiencia de exámenes genéticos, 3) la educación para fortalecer competencias de enfermería, 4) los aspectos éticos y legales, 5) la política pública y 6) el rol de la genética en la clínica. Conclusiones: En los 20 últimos añosaños ha habido una proliferación importante del tema de la genética en enfermería, en especial un mayor interés por ella, así como por la genómica a partir del descubrimiento del genoma humano. A pesar del interés y del reconocimiento de la importancia del tema de genética y genómica y sus implicaciones para la educación, práctica e investigación en enfermería, el desarrollo teórico es aún incipiente.
Palabras clave: Enfermería/ Genética/ Genómica/ Asesoramiento genético.
 

Abstract
Genetics and Genomics in Nursing Practice

Objective: To identify the implications and trends of genetics and genomics into the practice of nursing. Methodology: Integrative review between May and July 2013. Search and analysis of the literature on Science Direct database that included articles, reviews and editorials on genetics, genomics and nursing descriptors, published between 1993 and 2013.1056 pieces were found that related nursing and genetics, and 127 associated these three descriptors. 57 were selected for their contribution to the understanding of the relevance of the subject area within the practice of nursing. Results: The chronological analysis of selected references shows the impact of genetics and genomics in nursing practice, visible in different areas including: (1) research practice in nursing, (2) advocating for patients who experience genetic testing, (3) education to strengthen nursing skills, (4) ethical and legal issues, (5) public policy, and (6) the role of genetics in the clinic. Conclusions: In the last 20 years, there is a significant proliferation of the subject of genetics in nursing, especially a greater interest in it, as well as genomics from the discovery of the human genome. Despite the interest and recognition of the importance of the topic of genetics and genomics and their implications for education, practice and research in nursing, the theoretical development is still nascent.
Key-words: Nursing/ Genetics/ Genomics/ Genetic counseling.
 

Resumo
Genética e genômica na prática de enfermagem

Objetivo: Identificar as implicações e tendências da genética e genômica na prática de enfermagem. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa entre maio e julho de 2013. Realizou- se procura e análise da literatura na base de dados Science Direct que incluiu artigos, revisões e editoriais, sob os descritores genética, genômica e enfermagem, publicados de 1993 para 2013. Foram encontradas 1056 peças que relacionavam enfermagem e genética, e daquelas 127 associaram os três descritores. Selecionaramse 57, pelo aporte à compreensão da relevância da área temática dentro da prática de enfermagem. Resultados: A análise cronológica das referências selecionadas mostra o impacto da genética e genômica na prática de enfermagem, visível em diferentes áreas que incluem: 1) a prática investigativa da enfermagem, 2) perorar em favor dos pacientes que vivem a experiência de exames genéticos, 3) o ensino para fortalecer competências de enfermagem, 4) os aspectos éticos y legais, 5) a política pública e 6) o papel da genética na clínica. Conclusões: Nos últimos vinte anos teve-se uma proliferação importante do tema da genética em enfermagem, especialmente o maior interesse por ela, assim como pela genômica a partir da descoberta do genoma humano. Embora o interesse e o reconhecimento da importância do tema de genética e genômica e das suas implicâncias para o ensino, prática e pesquisa em enfermagem, o desenvolvimento teórico continua a ser incipiente.
Palavras chave: Enfermagem/ Genética/ Genômica/ Assessoramento genético.
 

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