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Resumen

Es una investigación de abordage sócio-histórico, el objetivo fue historiar el cotidiano de los pacientes internados en un hospital de leprosos durante el periodo de 1940 a 1960 en el sur de Brasil. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con los pacientes y los funcionarios que vivieron y trabajaron en la institución en el período de estudio, y complementados por otras fuentes documentales. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el referencial de Foucault. Se observó que los pacientes vivían en condiciones cerradas mínimas conformadas por: casas, enfermerías, consultorios médicos, iglesia, notaría, correo, comercio, áreas de pasatiempo u ocio, cárcel, emisora de radio y poseían su propia moneda. No estaba permitido que éstos saliesen de dicha comunidad. Rodeando ésta, se encontraban las residencias del director y los trabajadores. Los enfermos eran asistidos por las religiosas y por los pacientes que estaban en mejores condiciones de salud. Algunos pacientes trabajaban en los servicios tales como: alfarería, industria de harina y el establo. Como conclusiones se percibe que las condiciones del cuidado brindados a los pacientes eran consideradas más dignas que las enfrentadas por éstos externamente, debido al estigma social de la lepra. Por tanto, el aislamiento del  nosocomio provocó una muerte simbólica de los enfermos los cuales se percibían depositados y sin ninguna esperanza de regresar al espacio familiar y/o social.

Abstract Day to day life of leprosy patients confined in an institution in Southern Brazil (1940 - 1960)

This research project was approached from a socio-historical perspective. The main objective was to analyse day to day life of patients confined in a leprosy institution in Brazil between 1940 and 1960. Interviews were carried out with both patients and personnel who lived and worked within this institution during this particular period of time; the information obtained was complemented with other documentary sources. Foucault's referential system was used in the process of data analysis. It was observed that patients lived within minimum in-doors conditions consisting of houses, infirmaries, doctor's offices, a church, a notary's office, a post office, shops, amusement and leisure areas and a jail. They even had their own radio station and currency. Patients were not allowed to leave this community, around which there were established the director and personnel's personal residencies. The patients were cared for by nuns and by those patients whose physical situation was as good as to allow them to nurse the most serious cases. Some patients worked in services such as the pottery, the flour industry and the barn. As a conclusion, due to the nature of care provided, it was perceived that living conditions within the walls of this institution were to some extent better than those awaiting them in the outside world, as a result of the still prevailing leprosy stigma. It is suggested that the isolation experienced by patients confined in this institution provoked a symbolic death, a feeling of having been left behind, with no hope to return to their family and/or social original contexts.

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