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		Automanejo en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 desde un enfoque de género: revisión integrativa G. Mendoza-Catalán,1 L. Chaparro-Díaz,2 E. Gallegos-Cabriales,1 S. Carreno-Moreno2 1Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. México. 2Facultad de Enfermería-Grupo de Investigación Cuidado de Enfermería al paciente crónico. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia Manuscrito recibido en 22 de marzo 2017 Manuscrito aceptado en 16 de noviembre 2017 Enferm Universitaria -Mex- 2018; 15(1): 90-102
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Mendoza-Catalán, G; Chaparro-Díaz, L; Gallegos-Cabriales, E; Carreno-Moreno, S. Automanejo en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 desde un enfoque de género: revisión integrativa. Enferm Universitaria -Mex-, 2018 ene-mar, 15(1). Disponible en <https://www.index-f.com/reu/15/090102.php> Consultado el

Resumen Objetivo: identificar las diferencias en el automanejo de la DMT2 bajo un enfoque de género. Metodología: Se realizó una Revisión Integrativa en diferentes bases de datos de las cuales 24 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para esta investigación, 13 artículos cuantitativos y 11 cualitativos, la mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados en Estados Unidos y Canadá. Resultados: De acuerdo a los hallazgos, las mujeres cumplen mejor con la alimentación y la toma de medicamentos, presentan menor apoyo social, mayores problemas psicológicos, y la religión, oración, la fe y la espiritualidad son un mecanismo positivo para el manejo de su enfermedad. Mientras que los hombres, cumplen mejor con la actividad física, presentan menor conocimiento, mayor consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y reciben mayor apoyo social. Sin embargo, el trabajo y la ausencia de síntomas graves son una barrera para el automanejo. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en relación al automanejo, mismas que permiten al personal de enfermería orientar intervenciones bajo un enfoque de género, basado en las necesidades particulares que presentan los hombres y mujeres. Por una parte, las mujeres requieren mejorar el ejercicio y mayor apoyo social, psicológico y espiritual. Los hombres muestran dificultades para cumplir con la alimentación y la toma de medicamentos. Palabras clave: Autocuidado/ Identidad de género/ Diabetes mellitus tipo 2/ Literatura de revisión como asunto/ México.   Resumo Automanejo em diabetes mellitus tipo 2 desde um enfoque de género: revisão integrativa Objetivo: identificar as diferenças no automanejo da DMT2 sob um enfoque de género. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma Revisão Integrativa em diferentes bases de dados das quais 24 artigos cumpriram com os critérios de inclusão para esta pesquisa, 13 artigos quantitativos e 11 qualitativos, a maioria dos estudos foram realizados nos Estados Unidos e Canadá. Resultados: Conforme os achados, as mulheres cumprem melhor com a alimentação e a toma de medicamentos, apresentam menor apoio social, maiores problemas psicológicos, e a religião, oração, a fé e a espiritualidade são um mecanismo positivo para o manejo de sua doença. Enquanto que os homens, cumprem melhor com a atividade física, apresentam menor conhecimento, maior consumo de álcool e tabaco, e recebem maior apoio social. No entanto, o trabalho e a ausência de sintomas graves são uma barreira para o automanejo.  Conclusões: Existem diferenças entre homens e mulheres em relação ao automanejo, mesmas que permitem ao pessoal de enfermagem, orientar intervenções sob um enfoque de género, baseado nas necessidades particulares que apresentam os homens e mulheres. Por um lado, as mulheres requerem melhorar o exercício físico e maior apoio social, psicológico e espiritual. Os homens mostram dificuldades para cumprir com a alimentação e a toma de medicamentos. Palavras chave: Autocuidado/ Identidade de género/ Diabetes mellitus tipo 2/ Literatura de Revisão como Assunto/ México.   Abstract Diabetes mellitus type 2 self-management from a gender focused perspective: an integrative review Objective: To identify, from a gender focused perspective, differences in the self-management of diabetes mellitus type 2. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted on several databases. 24 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria - 13 quantitative and 11 qualitative. The articles were mainly published in the USA and Canada. Results: On the one hand, women were found to comply better with proper diets and medication prescriptions, but showed having less social support and more psychological problems, a situation which they tended to address through religion, pray, faith, and spirituality. On the other hand, men were found to comply better with proper physical activity programs, but showed having less knowledge and more alcohol and tobacco consumption, but more social support though. Conclusions: Differences between men and women were found in relation to their self-managing of diabetes mellitus type 2. This situation prompts the nursing personnel to orient their interventions with a gender focused perspective. For instance, women need to improve their exercising and also receive more social, psychological and spiritual supports, while men need to improve their diet and medication related habits. Key-words: Self-management/ Gender identity/ Diabetes mellitus type 2/ Review Literature as Topic/ Mexico.

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