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Artículo de revisión

Avances en Enfermería [av.enferm. -Col-] 2017 sep-dic; 35(3): 345-356 Recibido 15/02/2017 Aceptado 11/07/2017

Pensamiento estadístico: herramienta para el desarrollo de la enfermería como ciencia Sonia Patricia Carreño Moreno,* Jorge Humberto Mayorga Álvarez** *Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora Asistente Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: spcarrenom@unal.edu.co **Magister en Ciencias-Estadística. Profesor Pensionado, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: jhmayorgaa@unal.edu.co

Resumen

Objetivo: Integrar los hallazgos de la bibliografía científica que informen sobre la importancia del pensamiento estadístico para el desarrollo de la enfermería como ciencia. Síntesis del contenido: Revisión integradora de publicaciones realizadas en revistas indexadas entre los años 1998 y 2017 en las bases de datos lilacs, sage Journals, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, bireme, Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, cuiden® y ProQuest. Se incluyeron 22 publicaciones cuyos hallazgos fueron extraídos, clasificados y reducidos con el uso de códigos descriptores, códigos nominales y temas emergentes. A partir de las búsquedas surgieron seis temas: Enseñanza para el pensamiento estadístico; Pensamiento estadístico para la toma de decisiones en la práctica; Barreras para el desarrollo del pensamiento estadístico; Competencias necesarias para el pensamiento estadístico; La estadística en la generación de conocimiento para la ciencia; y Desafíos para el desarrollo del pensamiento estadístico. Conclusión: En el desarrollo actual de la enfermería como ciencia, el pensamiento estadístico ha sido una herramienta usada principalmente en el campo de la investigación y en la formación de investigadores. Se ha reportado la presencia de obstáculos para el desarrollo del pensamiento estadístico en los profesionales de la práctica, lo que evidencia la necesidad de conectar la estadística con la práctica de enfermería, para lo cual es indispensable elaborar textos y asignaturas de estadística aplicados al contexto de la disciplina y la práctica.
Palabras clave: Bioestadística/ Estadística como Asunto/ Estadística/ Ciencia/ Enfermería.
 

Resumo
Pensamento estatístico: uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem como ciência

Objetivo: Integrar achados da literatura científica para relatar a importância do pensamento estatístico para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem como ciência. Síntese de conteúdo: Revisão integradora de publicações em revistas arbitradas entre 1998 e 2017 nas bases de dados lilacs, sage Journals, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, bireme, Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, cuiden® e ProQuest. Foram incluídas 22 publicações e seus resultados foram extraídos, classificados e reduzidos com o uso de códigos de descritores, códigos nominais e questões emergentes. Seis temas foram identificados: Ensino para o pensamento estatístico, pensamento estatístico para tomada de decisão na prática, barreiras para o desenvolvimento do pensamento estatístico, habilidades necessárias para o pensamento estatístico, estatística na geração de conhecimento para a ciência e desafios para o desenvolvimento do pensamento estatístico. Conclusão: O pensamento estatístico é uma ferramenta utilizada principalmente no domínio da investigação e formação de investigadores, o que vem ao encontro do atual desenvolvimento da enfermagem como uma ciência. Têm sido reportadas barreiras para o desenvolvimento do pensamento estatístico, particularmente na prática profissional, o que demonstra a necessidade de ligar-se a estatística com a prática de enfermagem. Para este fim, é essencial desenvolver textos e cursos de estatística aplicada ao contexto da disciplina e a prática.
Palavras chave: Bioestatística/ Estatística como Assunto/ Estatística/ Ciência/ Enfermagem.
 

Abstract
Statistical thinking: tool for development of nursing as a science

Objective: To integrate findings of scientific literature that report on the importance of statistical thinking for development of nursing as a science. Content synthesis: Literature review of articles published in indexed scientific journals between 1998 and 2017 in databases lilacs, sage Journals, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, bireme, Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, cuiden® y ProQuest. 22 publications were included and findings were extracted, classified, and simplified using descriptor codes, nominal codes, and emerging topics. The following six topics emerged from searches: Education for statistical thinking; Statistical thinking for decision-making in practice; Obstacles to the statistical thinking development; Skills necessary to statistical thinking; Statistics in creating scientific knowledge; and Challenges for statistical thinking development. Conclusion: In the current development of nursing as a science, statistical thinking has primarily been a useful tool for the research field and training of researchers. The existence of obstacles to the statistical thinking development in nurse practitioners has been reported, revealing the need to bound statistics with nursing practice. For this purpose, it is essential to prepare texts and subject of statistics applied to the context of discipline and practice.
Key-words: Biostatistics/ Statistics as Topic/ Statistics/ Science/ Nursing.
  

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