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Artículo de investigación

Avances en Enfermería [av.enferm. -Col-] 2015 sep-dic; 33(3): 391-400 Recibido: 10/02/2014 Aprobado: 19/10/2015

Instrumento para la valoración de síntomas coronarios en la mujer* Cándida Rosa Castañeda Valencia** **Candidata a Magíster en Enfermería con Énfasis en Cuidado para la Salud Cardiovascular. Docente Auxiliar, Universidad de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia *Producto de la tesis presentada como requisito para obtener el título de Magíster en Enfermería con Énfasis en Cuidado para la Salud Cardiovascular

Resumen

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento para la valoración de los síntomas en la mujer con enfermedad coronaria, enmarcada en la Teoría de los Síntomas Desagradables. Metodología: Estudio metodológico, psicométrico, orientado por los Síntomas, concepto central de la Teoría de los Síntomas Desagradables de Lenz y colaboradores. Se realizó una crítica teórica del constructo elegido, demostrando su utilidad en la investigación y en la práctica disciplinar. Se ponderaron 260 evidencias por medio de una rigurosa crítica metodológica y empírica, aplicando el Sistema de Revisión Integrativa articulada al Modelo Conceptual Empírico de Fawcett y Garity. Se obtuvieron 30 piezas investigativas utilizadas para la construcción de los ítems. A los síntomas de Lenz se suman los síntomas psicosociales reportados en mujeres con enfermedad coronaria, generándose un primer instrumento compuesto por 87 ítems. Resultados: Se realizó una Validación de Contenido de expertos con el Modelo Escobar y Cuervo 2008 (análisis estadístico SPSS 20) obteniéndose un Coeficiente de Correlación de Kendall de 0,682 (p < 0,05), con buena concordancia entre jueces. El Modelo de Lawshe normalizado por Tristán 2008 reportó una Content Validity Ratio de 0,57 y un Index Validity Content de 0,797, demostrando que los ítems son unidades de análisis esenciales. Finalmente, la Validación Facial realizada mediante una prueba piloto a 21 mujeres que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión permitió la discriminación semiótica de los ítems, obteniéndose un instrumento compuesto por 67 ítems. Conclusiones: Éste es un remanente investigativo que requiere nuevas validaciones para elevar su capacidad psicométrica.
Palabras clave: Psicometría/ Evaluación de Síntomas/ Enfermedad Coronaria/ Salud de la Mujer.
 

Resumo
Instrumento de avaliação de sintomas coronarianos nas mulheres

Instrument for assessing coronary symptoms in women

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um instrumento para a avaliação de sintomas em mulheres com doença cardíaca coronária, parte da Teoria de Sintomas Desagradáveis. Metodologia: Pesquisa metodológica tipo psicométrico orientada pelos Sintomas, primeiro conceito de Teoria Sintomas Desagradáveis da Lenz e contribuintes. Realizamos crítica teórica do construto escolhido provando útil para a pesquisa ea prática da disciplina. A partir da evidência empírica são ponderados 260 através crítico metodológico e empírico, a aplicação do Sistema de Revisão Integrativa articulou a Empírica Modelo Conceitual de Fawcett e Garity, obtendo apenas 30 peças investigativas, utilizadas para a construção dos itens. Os sintomas Lenz há os sintomas psicossociais relatados em mulheres com doença coronária, gerando um primeiro projeto consiste de 87 itens. Resultados: O design é feito pelo Especialista em Conteúdo de Validação como o Modelo Escobar e Cuervo 2008 (a análise estatística SPSS 20), obtendo-se um Kendall Coeficiente de Correlação k = 0,682 (p < 0,05) com boa concordância entre os juízes. O Modelo de Lawshe normalizado por Tristán 2008 reportou uma Content Validity Ratio de 0,57 e um Index Validity Content de 0,797, mostrando que os itens são unidades de análise essenciais. Finalmente, Validação Facial foi feita com test pilot realizado em 21 mulheres que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, após esta discriminação semiótica da obtenção de um instrumento composta de 67 itens. Conclusões: Este é um remanescente de investigação que exige uma validação adicional para aumentar sua capacidade psicométrica.
Palavras chave: Psicometria/ Avaliação de Sintomas/ Doença das Coronárias/ Saúde da Mulher.
 

Abstract

Objective: To design and validate an instrument for assessing the symptoms in women with coronary disease framed in the Theory of the Unpleasant SymptOMS. Methodology: Methodological, psychometric study oriented by The symptoms, first concept of the Theory of Unpleasant SymptOMS by Lenz et al. Theoretical critique of the construct chosen was performed proving usefulness in research and practice discipline. From the empirical, 260 evidences were weighted through methodological and empirical critique, applying the Integrative Review System articulated to the Empirical Conceptual Model by Fawcett & Garity. Only 30 research pieces were obtained, used for the construction of the items. To the Lenz symptoms were added the reported psychosocial symptoms in women with coronary disease, generating a first design composed of 87 items. Results: The design was done by experts Content Validation with the Escobar and Cuervo Model 2008 (statistical analysis SPSS, 20) with Kendall Correlation Coefficient k = 0.682 (p < 0.05) with good agreement between judges. Lawshe Model normalized by Tristán 2008 reported a Content Validity Ratio = 0.57 and Content Validity Index = 0.797, showing that items are units of essential analysis. Finally, Validation Facial made by means of the pilot test, conducted on 21 women who met the inclusion criteria, allowed the discrimination semiotics of items, obtaining an instrument consisting of 67 items. Conclusions: This is a remnant of research that requires further validation to increase its psychometric capacity.
Key-words: Psychometrics/ Symptom Assessment/ Coronary Disease/ Women’s Health.
 

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