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Condiciones de trabajo en conductores de autobús: De servicio público a fuente de riesgo

Jael Maria de Aquino,¹ Sílvia Elizabeth Gomes de Medeiros,¹ Betânia da Mata Ribeiro Gomes,¹ Emanuela Batista Ferreira e Pereira,¹ Waldemar Brandão Neto,¹ Marlene Gomes Terra^2
1Faculdade de Enfermagem Nossa Senhora das Graças, Universidade de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil. ²Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 

Manuscrito recibido el 21.1.2016
Manuscrito aceptado el 8.3.2016

Index de Enfermería [Index Enferm] 2017; 26(1-2): 34-38

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Resumen

Objetivo principal: analizar las condiciones de trabajo de los conductores de autobús generadoras de riesgos. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con 321 conductores de la ciudad de Recife, nordeste de Brasil, entre abril y julio de 2014. Las condiciones de trabajo fueron evaluadas aplicando un instrumento de investigación validado en apariencia y contenido por los investigadores. Datos analizados mediante técnicas estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados principales: dificultades como temperatura (75,1%), ruidos y vibraciones (73,1%), ventilación insuficiente/ineficiente (61,1%), atascos (81,6%) y relacionamientos interpersonales con los pasajeros (48,3%) estuvieron entre las principales quejas de los conductores de autobús. Conclusión principal: los conductores de autobús están expuestos a condiciones de trabajo inadecuadas que parecen interferir en la salud ocupacional. De esta forma, se hace necesario aproximar enfermeros que actúan en la atención primaria a la salud y conductores de transportes urbanos, con el propósito de implementar acciones intersectoriales en la promoción a la salud.
Palabras clave: Salud laboral/ Condiciones de trabajo/ Enfermería del trabajo/ Transportes/ Promoción de la salud.

Abstract (Working conditions for bus drivers: public service source of risk)

Objective: analyze the working conditions of bus drivers generating risk. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 321 drivers in Recife, northeastern Brazil, from April to July 2014. The working conditions were evaluated by application of a survey instrument validated in appearance and content by the researchers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical techniques. Results: difficulties such as temperature (75.1%), noise and vibration (73.1%), insufficient/inefficient ventilation (61.1%), congestion in traffic (81.6%) and interpersonal relationships with passengers (48.3%) were among the main complaints of bus drivers. Conclusions: the bus drivers are exposed to poor working conditions that seem to interfere with occupational health. Thus, it becomes necessary to approximate nurses working in primary health care and urban transport drivers, with a view to implementing intersectoral actions in health promotion.
Key-words: Occupational health/ Working conditions/ Occupational health nursing/ Transportation/ Health promotion.

Bibliografía

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